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Showing posts with label Lisandro Alonso. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Lisandro Alonso. Show all posts

Saturday, December 09, 2017

Scholarly Contemplative Cinema

Here are some books, magazines or PhD thesis on slow cinema/contemplative cinema available online (latest addition to the Bibliography page):


Feel free to add more if you found others


Tuesday, September 09, 2014

Pour un cinéma contemporain soustractif (Antony Fiant)


Pour un cinéma contemporain soustractif
Antony Fiant (Juin 2014) extrait PDF / Site de l'éditeur

Résumé :
Depuis le début du XXIe siècle, on observe l'apparition régulière de films minimalistes manifestant une réticence marquée envers le scénario, le récit, la parole, la musique et la psychologie. Qu'ils relèvent de la fiction, du documentaire, ou des deux à la fois, les films de quinze cinéastes du monde entier (Lisandro Alonso, Wang Bing, Alain Cavalier, Pedro Costa, Darejan Omirbaev, Béla Tarr, entre autres) sont ici analysés d'un point de vue esthétique et dramaturgique pour mieux mettre en évidence un geste soustractif.
Moins d'histoire, moins de dialogues, moins de décors, ces caractéristiques manifestent une belle foi en l'art du cinéma et en sa capacité de suggestion.


Cet ouvrage veut réaffirmer les spécificités d’un art de la mise en scène, de l’espace et du temps.
Force est de constater la présence dans le cinéma le plus contemporain (ici envisagé entre 2000 et 2013) de nombreux cinéastes rechignant à se glisser dans des modèles esthétiques et dramaturgiques bien rodés, en faisant en quelque sorte vœu d’abstinence (tant esthétique que dramaturgique). En plébiscitant le cinéma contemporain soustractif, ce livre voudrait – à un moment où la singularité du cinéma semble bien menacée par le tout-venant numérique – réaffirmer les spécificités d’un art de la mise en scène, de l’espace et du temps.

Sommaire : 

1. Remise en cause du récit 
  • Questions de récit   
  • Retour sur le scénario    
  • À la limite du maniérisme  
 
2. Personnages reclus du monde
  • L’autarcie au risque de la marginalisation    
  • L’espace comme refuge    
  • Présence des corps  
 
3. Esthétiques « pauvres »  
  • Repli esthétique, esthétiques du chaos    
  • Cadre géométrique    
  • Cadre physique     

4. L’autoportrait, expiation ou exutoire ?    
  • Fragments d’intimités    
  • Présence/absence des corps et des voix    
  • Des « lieux, dépositaires d’images-souvenirs »    

5. Dramaturgies régénérées 
  • La fable sinon rien    
  • Parole contre mutisme    
  • Travail des genres
    
6. Questions d’adaptation et de réflexivité
  • Recours à la littérature   
  • Recours au cinéma  
  
7. Un cinéma de la cruauté  
  • Des mondes originaires    
  • Pulsions élémentaires    
  • Chemins de croix 
   
8. Suggérer le passé : l’histoire tout de même   
  • Histoires de camps    
  • Colonisation, décolonisation    
  • La chute du communisme   

9. Observer les mutations du monde
  • Poésie politique   
  • Vers un primitivisme anthropologique


l'auteur : 
Antony Fiant, professeur en études cinématographiques à l'université Rennes 2, écrit dans plusieurs revues de cinéma, notamment Trafic et Images documentaires. Il est l'auteur de deux essais monographiques : (Et) Le cinéma d'Otar losseliani (fut) (2002, l'Âge d'Homme) et Le cinéma de Jia Zhang-ke. No future (made) in China (2009, Presses Universitaires de Rennes).

Sunday, April 07, 2013

Serra et Alonso à Paris (17 avril - 26 octobre 2013)


Rétrospective filmographique complète d'Alert Serra et Lisandro Alonso, correspondance filmée entre eux, carte blanche et invités au Centre Georges Pompidou, musée d'art moderne de la ville de Paris, France (17 avril - 26 octobre 2013) !!!
Le cinéma contemplatif contemporain entre au musée officiellement. Les détracteurs paresseux qui se plaignent des "films de festival" ont perdu leur vaine guéguerre...


Voir aussi :

Thursday, November 08, 2012

Alonso, Serra, Mekas, Guérin, Kawase à Paris



Albert Serra (17 Avril - 19 mai 2013) et Lisandro Alonso en correspondance
Jonas Mekas et José-Luis Guérin en correspondance (30 Novembre 2012 - 7 Janvier 2013)
au centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (Musée d'Art Moderne)

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Rétrospective Kawase Naomi à la Cinémathèque Française (17 Octobre - 12 Novembre 2012)

Tuesday, August 21, 2012

My CCC Top10 Canon

I usually refuse to compare CCC films on a merit basis, since this blog is dedicated to the study of the aesthetic, of this narrative mode, not to fuel the craving of detractors for reasons to dismiss "bad" CCC films (because they don't know how to find CCC-specific reasons to blame a film for failing to achieve its goal).

But in the context of Sight & Sound 2012 Top10 canon, let's also establish a referential standard for the quintessence of CCC, the greatest achievements of this particular aesthetic, which is now a little over 40 years old.


My (partial and non-consensual) Top10 ballot of the greatest aesthetic achievements in Contemporary Contemplative Cinema since 1970 :
  1. Sátántangó (1994/TARR Béla Tarr/Hungary)
  2. Mother and Son (1997/SOKUROV/Russia) 
  3. Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce 1080 Bruxelles (1975/Chantal AKERMAN/Belgium)
  4. The Turin Horse (2011/TARR Béla/Hungary)
  5. Tie Xi Qu: West of the Tracks (2003/WANG Bing/China)
  6. I don't want to sleep alone (2006/TSAI/Taiwan) 
  7. Los Muertos (2004/ALONSO/Argentina) 
  8. Blissfully Yours (2002/WEERASETHAKUL/Thailand)
  9. Freedom (2000/BARTAS/Lithuania)
  10. Our Daily Bread (2005/GEYRHALTER/Germany) 
Only 3 titles predate 2000, but they occupy all 3 top ranks! Instead of the big names, I went for the films that rely the less on narrative conventions and dialogue and music and editing (Technical minimum profile), to celebrate the core of the minimalist cinematic image (CCC basics), among the films I know qualify for the contemplative narrative mode (Recommended CCC). Many of these on my ballot could arguably replace numerous winners of the S&S2012 final Top10, yet they wind up outside of their Top250 because none of the voters watched them or didn't learn how to look at and appreciate this new aesthetic...


If there are any CCC fans still alive and kicking, please leave your own personal Top10 in the comments below... Thanks for your contributions over the years.


Related : 


Friday, March 02, 2012

As Slow As Possible (AV Festival 2012)


AV Festival 12 : As Slow As Possible 
International Festival of Art, Technology, Music and Film
Newcastle, Gateshead, Middlesbrough and Sunderland (UK) 1st - 31st March 2012 [PDF] website


In the run-up to London 2012 with its motto of “Faster, Higher, Stronger” we propose an alternative slower pace and relaxed rhythm to counter the accelerated speed of today.
Titled after ASLSP (As SLow aS Possible) by pioneering artist John Cage, the theme explores how artists have stretched, measured and marked the passage of time. Some works last the full 31 days, others are infinite in duration or move imperceptibly slowly: 14 seconds become 31 minutes, one hour becomes 24, and we can all dream together in a 12-hour sleep concert


Century of Birthing (2011/Lav Diaz/The Philippines)


Slow Cinema is a series of over thirty landmark films from leading international filmmakers, focused around slowness, and interwoven through AV Festival 12.
From early pioneers to new releases, Slow Cinema presents films devoted to stillness, contemplation and the everyday. Providing a retreat from conventional cinematic speed, they create a more relaxed rhythm, heightening awareness of every minute and second spent watching them. In contrast to other first-release festivals, the curated focus of AV Festival brings a critical framework and focus to this important area, and the time and space for each film to breathe.

Projections :
  • Fred Kelemen: Fate / VerhaengnisFrost;  Nightfall / Abendland
  • Lisandro Alonso: La LibertadLos MuertosLiverpool
  • Lav Diaz: Elegy To The Visitor From The RevolutionMelancholiaCentury of BirthingButterflies Have No Memories
  • Ben Rivers: Slow ActionTwo Years At Sea
  • Bela Tarr: The Turin Horse
  • Fergus Daly & Katherine Waugh: The Art of Time
  • James Benning: Nightfall 
  • Sharon Lockhart: Double Tide 
  • Andrei Tarkovsky: Stalker
  • Alexander Sokurov: Russian Ark
  • Cristi Puiu: Aurora
  • Abbas Kiarostami: Five
  • Richard Fenwick: Exhaustion
  • Nuri Bilge Ceylan: Once Upon a Time in Anatolia
  • Bruno Dumont: Hors Satan
  • Pedro Costa: Colossal Youth
  • Albert Serra: Honor of the Knights
  • Sergio Caballero: Finisterrae
  • Pablo Giorgelli: Las Acacias
  • Carlos Reygadas: Stellet Licht
  • Rirkrit Tiravanija: Lung Neaw Visits His Neighbours
  • Jia Zhang-ke: Still Life
  • Sivaroj Kongsakul: Eternity
  • Apichatpong Weerasethakul: Syndromes and a Century
  • Kim Ki Duk: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter… and Spring 
  • Raya Martin: Independicia
  • Ben Russell: Let Each One Go Where He May



Taking its point of departure from this year's AV Festival theme As Slow As Possible (after John Cage), this symposium seeks to investigate how we might activate temporal concepts which are resistant to those normalized in mainstream commercially driven cultural forms.
How are artists, composers or musicians exploring Time in ways that often utilize the latest digital technologies but also challenge their conventional deployment? The subject of 'Slowness', albeit in its most varied manifestations embracing multiple non-linear 'speeds' and rhythms (and thus refusing any simplistic polarization with 'speed' as such), will provide a central theme for the panel discussion, and ideas relating to how Time can be multiplied, diversified, folded and suspended in contemporary art and culture will also be examined.

Panels :
  • As slow As Possible symposium (1st March 2012): Eric Alliez, Paul Morley, Laura Cull, John Mullarkey, Katherine Waugh, Rebecca Shatwell
  • Slow Cinema Discussion (9 March 2012): Fred Kelemen, Lav Diaz, Lisandro Alonso, Ben Rivers, Jonathan Romney, George Clark, Matthew Flanagan 

Articles :


Webcast :



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Unspoken Cinema resource  :

Monday, August 22, 2011

Déjà-vu (Köhler)

"[..]This map that did (as [Gilberto] Perez [The Material Ghost; 1998]) go out of style for a time, perhaps during the period of postmodernism, and definitely during the period when Fassbinder ruled the arthouse. But the map has been opened again by a new generation. Its influence can now be seen in films from every continent - too such extent that the Antonioni open film can be said to be in its golden age. There are some examples: the work of Apichatpong Weerasethakul from Blissfully Yours to Uncle Boonmee; Lisandro Alonso's La Libertad through to Liverpool; Uruphong Raksasad's Agrarian Utopia; C.W. Winter and Anders Edström's The Anchorage; Ulrich Köhler's Sleeping Sickness; the entire so-caled Berlin School of which Köhler is a part; Albert Serra's Honour of the Knights and Birdsong; James Benning; Kelly Reichardt; Kore-eda Hirokazu; Ho Yuang's Rain Dogs; Jia Zhangke's Platform and Still Life; Li Hongqi's Winter Vacation. The list goes on...
Some of these filmmakers may disavow any Antonioni influence - but we know that what directors (including Antonioni) say about their films can't always be trusted. Besides, the ways in which L'Avventura works on the viewer's consciousness are furtive and often below a conscious level. In Apichatpong's fascination with characters being transformed by the landscape around them; in Raksasad's interest in dissolving the borders between "documentary" and "fiction", or the recorded and the staged; in Alonso's precision and absolute commitment to purely cinematic ressources and disgust with the sentimental; in Köhler's continual refinement of his visualisation of his characters's uncertain existences; in Reichardt's concern for what happens to human beings in nature - especially when they get lost; in all these and more; the open film is stretched, remoulded, reconsidered, questioned, embraced. A kind of film that was first named L'Avventura." 
Source: Great Wide Open (Robert Koehler; Sight and Sound, August 2011)


I can't seem to remember where I've heard this before... could someone help me please?





Related:

Wednesday, March 30, 2011

Lisandro Alonso interview (Cineaste)

excerpts from : "Cinema Beyond Words" By: Dennis West and Joan M. West (Cineaste, Spring 2011)

Really interesting interview (spreading on 9 pages!), looking back on the trilogy : La Libertad, Los Muertos, Liverpool. The title is fitting, I like it. Sadly, they had to pimp it up on the magazine cover and word out the infamous "slow cinema" stereotype that any serious critic caring for cinema aesthetics beyond its formated speed should avoid like the plague... This shallow shorthand was particularly unnecessary since the interviewers never asked Lisandro Alonso to comment on this random appellation. Anyway.
The interviewers seem very familiar with Latin American life and culture, which makes for an in-depth and pertinent discussion, although... overtly on the literary side unfortunately. For an article titled "beyond words", there is too much novel references and not enough visual mise en scène analysis. Which is inadequate for Lisandro Alonso's cinema, one of the CCC filmmakers I cite most often, without reservations (precisely because there is never ambiguous melodrama or dialogue that alters the perception of the hardcore contemplative mode in his films). 
I also regret that they didn't watch Fantasma, and call it "artistically and thematically different" from the other three. Which is false. The only difference is the indoor setting, but the characters are even the same actors and the contemplative gaze is as comparable as can be. They probably find it different because, unlike the others, they cannot interpret it as an ethnographic documentary on real-life rural Argentina. In this one the farmers are like fishes out of the water in Buenos Aires... but that doesn't make it science fiction...


Lisandro Alonso : "[..] This is why I like the observational approach that we were discussing previously - to observe without sticking my hand into the mix too much. To observe respectfully and to allow the spectator to grasp the appropriate elements and make up his or her own world. Of course this approach isn't for everyone. There are spectators who need you to grab them and lead them by the nose - now you laugh, now you cry, now you applaud, and now you go home. Not that this is necessarily so bad. What is worthwhile, it seems to me, is to seek out cinematographic diversity. [..]"
I love this quote! He touches on one of the biggest misconception about CCC. So I can relate. 
The general public, the festival audience, and even some film critics feel threatened in their taste by these films. They think that giving them awards, or suggesting that this form of cinema is the most interesting today, means that THIS is the only way possible for films to be great. This is all wrong. Acknowledging the greatness of such films doesn't in any way diminish the eventual achievements of other films that do not use the contemplative mode. Cinema history is not exclusive. The advent and (relative) proliferation of "slower" films doesn't mean that it's now outmoded or frowned upon to make melodramas and fast edits... Developing personal styles is bound to meet a mixed reception. Certain people prefer certain kinds of narration, and it's perfectly alright. I hate it when professionals from the movie industry (critics amongst them) are only able to consider filmmaking as carpet bombing : one-size-fits-all; where for a genre or a style to be successful it MUST please EVERYONE and make a killing at the box-office. Anything short of that is worthless and should never be funded. This rampant mentality is unbearable. And I repeat, some critics actually believe THAT. 

It is OK to make films that will only please a very limited demographic !!!! Thank you.

Niche filmmaking might not be the most profitable, but aesthetic diversity is worth it. Remember the Long Tail Consumers. Tastes are unique and there should be all kinds of films available in the world for every needs. I wish movie distributors would listen to this! Niche distribution should be allowed to exist without being shelved endlessly on the sideline or marginalized to the point of being too much of a pain to make the effort to watch a film where and when it is popping out, while commercial movies get an ubiquitous accessibility. 
And Lisandro Alonso knows this situation too well, since his films are rarely screened.
Contemplative Cinema should not be relegated to Museum gallery showings... because this is not Avant Garde. CCC is a legit form of narrative cinema. Not a non-narrative cinema or abstract cinema. It is merely a minimal narration, not an anti-narration. These films are totally watchable in the conditions of any other entertainment-based spectacles. Just not on the scope of a more mainstream narration (the one that fits-all and offends none).

CCC is different from your usual commercial fare. Maybe it needs more time to get used to it. Maybe it's a kind of cinema that people don't want to watch as often as commercial movies. Maybe these films are slow to catch on with the audience and should not be removed from distribution after only 1 week! Please stop pushing all films through the same funnel, leaving out the ones that fail to click at first sight.

The world needs to take a moment to ponder over things that require deeper reflection. Contemplation needs more time and more commitment than normal movies. Give it a chance.

Lisandro Alonso : "There is a part of me that is not really interested in political cinema. It's just not that interesting, because I believe cinema is not an appropriate tool for playing out politics. It is something different. I see cinema more as an artistic activity that does have its political and social messages; but it cannot become a political pamphlet. [..]
Cinema doesn't need to mix in politics, because there is already a lot of interest out there in politics. In political cinema lots of ideas come into play, but you lose the human element, which is the universal dimension that belongs to all humanity. In politics, there are many struggles of vested interests, particularly in Latin American politics. Sometimes they ask me why my films don't have a lot of words. So sometimes I answer, partly in jest, that it's because I have listened to so many politicians in Argentina who spout out so much blah-blah-blah and then do just the opposite; I just don't have any confidence in words. I do have confidence in what I see, do you understand?"
I'm happy to hear this. I personally think that political cinema is possible and other filmmakers do very well with it (Eisenstein, Jancso, Oshima, Costa-Gavras, Pontecorvo, Satyajit Ray, Rosi, Marker, Sembene, Moretti, Loach, Mograbi...). But that's besides the point. 
Contemplation does not have to be political. In fact, if I need a treatise on Thai politics I would not got to Apichatpong Weerasethakul... (not that his visual poetry is not a genuine incarnation of the Thai society in this day and time). If I would like to know more about the democratic transition in post-Iron Curtain Lithuania or Kazakhstan, I wouldn't go to Sharunas Bartas and Darezhan Omirbaev respectively. Gus Vant Sant's Elephant doesn't provide a socio-political analysis of the Columbine tragedy, like Alan Clarke's Elephant doesn't explain why Northern Ireland's inhabitants kill eachothers. I'm not searching Tsai Ming-liang's film for an insightful portrait of the Taiwanese society, or Jia Zhang-ke's films for a criticism of the Chinese Communist Party. Real, serious political investigations, whether in documentary or fiction form, is better treated with other stylistics than the wordless modality of CCC.
Like Lisandro Alonso says, CCC films are not drained of any political message... but it is definitely NOT the main part of the film nor the most eloquent/explicit. So all the political interpretation stuffed in a review of a CCC films, is most likely overstated, overinflated, extrapolated or even fantasized... And this is annoying to read, especially because it eclipses the more interesting and pertinent aspect : the visual language and the mise en scène, or simply the poetry.
This is something most critics or audience is not ready to hear, because they are so conditioned by decades of pseudo-politisation of the filmic discourse, when it was hip to transform every film into a political pamphlet of sorts. 

Lisandro Alonso: "From the perspective of the script, I prefer to communicate via means other than words. These are solitary characters so I prefer that the spectator imagine what's going on in their heads without recourse to spoken words. [..] I endeavor to resist using a lot of dialog because today there are films we end up just listening to, films in which the image is absolutely unimportant. I'm talking here about contemporary cinema. A given movie consists of simply such and such a type of shot, and everything else seems like radio, like a radio melodrama. In this case the filmmaker is not giving due importance to the image. Previously in the history of cinema image was everything, or almost everything. So I don't believe that I need to have to recourse to words in order to explain how my characters feel."
Nothing to add here. His explanation is perfectly clear.
And the raison d'être of the Unspoken Cinema blog is precisely to make film culture evolve and stop people (especially critics) to ask justifications to some filmmakers why they never use dialogue... It is OK to try and make films without dialogue! It's not new, and it shouldn't be "odd" to anybody. Get over it. Do they ask Comedy filmmakers WHY they put jokes in their scripts?
Let's move on, and talk about what these films actually achieve with this particular modality.

Lisandro Alonso: "I believe that it is by way of showing man in his environment that we come to understand all the he needs to survive. And understand what his manner is of being in this world - how he lives, how he exists, with what precious few elements he survives. [..]
[The observational style] is for the spectator's process of 'envisionment,' so that the viewer is freed to read calmly and with distanciation and with time to ponder. The spectator is not spoon-fed one piece of information after the other, and I'm not the one guiding the spectator."
This is interesting to listen to what Michelangelo Frammartino has to say about this point as well. See his interview in French here.

Lisandro Alonso : "[on cutting long after the character exited the frame] it is also a pause I choose to include in order to raise the question of what happens if after a given sequence, in which not very much has happened, we nevertheless give the spectator time to think about what it is that is happening. And so he has time to say, 'OK, what's going on here?' During that pause he comes to realize that cinematographic language exists - because he is made to feel the presence of the camera. And if the viewer feels the presence of the camera, he is also feeling the presence of the director. When he's made aware of all that, a viewer is forced to think about cinematographic language. That is always important to me - that is to say, making the spectator realize that, over and beyond what is happening to the fictional character, there is always someone else who is narrating the story."

I fully agreed with him until he mentions self-awareness of the camera. There are more obvious ways to make the spectator aware of the camera and the director behind the camera, the camera address for instance (popular in Nouvelle Vague) or the revealed film crew in the diegetic world (Duras or Godard). This was the non-diegetic complicity with their audience, the filmmakers of Modern Cinema sought on a narrative level back in the 60ies, and most especially by the Postmodern filmmakers from the 70ies on, on a concrete level.
I think CCC is past this attention to the non-diegetic context of a film set, precisely because it distracts from the focus on contemplation. Even Alonso's films do not provide enough evidence to bring up the presence of the camera and break out of the diegetic universe. Only film critics seeking for exogenous clues would integrate this frame of mind. Alonso's quasi-trademark credit music might be the only hint toward this self-awareness that I would concede.
I have another rationale for the delayed cut at the end of a scene. And we discussed it on this blog already. (see : Roundtable 3 : Aesthetic economy). This cutting style is not new nor particular to CCC. I mean it is a more general technique that spans across different cinema aesthetics. Ozu, Antonioni, Tarkovsky, Jancso, Garrel, Wenders, Jarmusch, Angelopoulos often use it, even though they are not strictly speaking part of CCC.
Zhang Lu did what I thought was an interesting experiment (although dismissed by a lot of reviewers), in Desert Dream (2007). His character exits the frame on one side, the camera stays put (in a fixed shot) for a while, a pause on a vacated landscape, then the camera pans towards where the character disappeared to catch up with where the action was continuing off-screen. It was used repeatedly during the film, thus making the gimmick really noticeable (and predictable in a way), which inevitably takes the spectator away from the diegetic world by dragging attention to a self-aware camerawork. In this case, we could say that the choice of technique does enough to make the audience reflect on the form. And I thought it was really interesting to add an Ozu-type of pillow shot, within a sequence, without cuts. Shot-pause-shot all in one plan-sequence sans cut.  

Sunday, March 06, 2011

Quattro volte (critique contemplative) 5

LE CREUSET DES CONTEMPLATIFS
Michelangelo Frammartino : "Dans le Quattro Volte, il n’y a pas de référent cinématographique direct. Cependant, je me suis souvent inspiré de l’oeuvre de certains grands cinéastes. Le premier qui me vient à l’esprit serait Béla Tarr. Dans son cinéma, la présence des animaux est essentielle. Damnation est selon moi l’histoire d’un homme qui se transforme en chien. Je pense souvent aussi à Bresson et à Au hasard Balthazar. J’aime le fait que les auteurs arrivent au cinéma en passant par d’autres portes, par d’autres arts. J’admire Michael Snow et son film La région centrale. Il y a aussi Samuel Beckett, qui a écrit un seul film, un court-métrage intitulé Film, et qui a été tourné par Alain Schneider en 1965. Dans les deux cas, il s’agit d’expérimenter avec un point de vue où l’homme n’est plus la figure centrale et où la machine est le dispositif d’enregistrement qui regarde. Ce sont là des grands exemples. Mon travail est plutôt artisanal. Les grands ne sont pas pour moi des références intellectuelles, mais m’aident concrètement à dépasser certaines difficultés quand je ressens l’impasse de la page blanche – un terme utilisé aussi bien en littérature qu’en architecture."
Il est heureux de noter que ses influences ressemblent aux précurseurs identifiés sur notre tableau généalogique. Maintenant, si l'on souhaite reprendre en détail les héritages stylistiques, on s'apercevra que son film est bien plus documentaire que les uns, bien moins conceptuel que les autres. 
Par exemple, la ressemblance entre le périple de l'âne-martyr dans Au hasard Balthazar, et le deuxième épisode ici, avec le chevreau, reste superficielle. Bresson filme la relation entre une jeune fille et cet animal, entrecoupés par des séquences narratives dialoguées, dramatisés, alors que le chevreau de Frammartino est un protagoniste flanqué de ses semblables, puis esseulé par la suite. Quand Bresson construit à partir du cinéma dramatique classique, Frammartino part du documentaire animalier.
Le rapprochement avec La région centrale est intéressant : la fixité du point d'appuis de la caméra, qui parcours le paysage alentour dans toutes les directions, comme nous l'avons vu chez Frammartino dans le panoramique-séquence. Mais Snow est en deça du documentaire, puisqu'il ne documente qu'un paysage vacillant par intention purement formelle et symbolique. Une posture conceptuelle propre aux arts plastiques. 
Film est un sketch stylisé, conceptuel lui-aussi, issu du théâtre moderne. Rien de cela chez Frammartino qui ne dirige pas vraiment ses acteurs non-professionnels et ne cherche pas à recréer une performance complexe. 
Donc, comme il le dit, ce sont des inspirations lointaines.

La correspondance la plus directe et la plus évidente, est sans doute celle qui se déploie tout au long du premier court-métrage sans parole d'Abbas Kiarostami : Le pain et la rue (1970), que j'évoquais plus tôt. Kiarostami suit le trajet du petit garçon qui revient chez lui avec une miche de pain non-levé (nan) au moment où il se retrouve nez-à-nez avec un chien territorial qui aboie fort. Lui barrant la route habituelle qui conduit à sa maison, l'enfant ne sait comment franchir l'obstacle, véritablement terrifié par l'imprévisible chien. Ce petit gag entièrement visuel très enfantin prend onze minute de cache-cache dans les ruelles jusqu'à ce que le jeune héros surmonte sa peur et trouve tout seul une solution. J'admire particulièrement ce petit film dans l'œuvre de Kiarostami, très simple, réaliste, à peine scénarisé, et surtout entièrement dramatisé par le langage non-verbal et la mise en scène spatiale. Il pourrait d'ailleurs être un des prototypes du Cinéma Contemplatif Contemporain. Frammartino met en place une situation très proche, quoique plus ramassée dans le temps, en forme de clin d'œil.  

Quant à la scène d'ouverture de Satantango (1994), Tarr Béla débute son film avec un plan large d'une étable au devant de laquelle des vaches attendent dans leur enclos. Les vaches et la caméra se déplacent ensuite vers le portail laissé ouvert. Les vaches envahissent les rues désertes d'un quartier abandonné par ses habitants semble-t-il. Il n'y a aucune âme humaine qui vive tout au long de ce plan-séquence. On peut y voir une certaine métaphore augurant de la fin tragique du film, mais ce qui m'intéresse est l'absence d'hommes, comme dans le deuxième épisode de Quattro Volte, qui commence peu après l'accident qui libère les chèvres. Dans les deux films, les animaux règnent en maître sur le bâti quand la mort rôde dans un village fantôme. Et cette évocation a chaque fois une résonance lugubre. Il y a un malaise à la vue d'animaux domestiqués livrés à l'errance non-supervisée. On pense immédiatement à la négligence des propriétaires, ce qui rend leur disparition plus troublante. Les bêtes, ou plutôt leur comportement inhabituel, deviennent un indice sur le personnage humain hors-champ, ou absent. Un autre portrait en creux qui raconte le plein par son absence, par le vide qu'il laisse derrière lui.


Enfin il est difficile de ne pas rapprocher la scène où le berger déleste ses tripes dans la nature, au premier plan, dans le même coin du cadre, présentant le même profile que Misael dans le premier film de Lisandro Alonso : La Libertad (2001). Crudité  similaire de la position accroupie, déculottés, quand bien même sont-ils en pleine campagne, sans témoins. C'est un besoin naturel que le regard de la caméra généralement évite, par pudeur ou par honte. Aucune grossièreté, aucune scatologie néanmoins; d'abord parce tout reste décent grâce une dissimulation adéquate, et que le but est de suggérer plutôt que de mettre en avant.
Alonso filme en continu. Misael s'avance dans le champ, défait son pantalon, sort du papier toilette de sa poche, se baisse près d'un arbre et attend avec un visage crispé. Le spectateur sait exactement de quoi il en retourne. Il s'essuie, se relève et sort du champ. Une scène qui n'a aucune valeur dramatique, si ce n'est de tenir le pari de montrer toutes les activités quotidienne de ce bûcheron, sans exceptions. Une scène contemplative exemplaire s'il en est, puisque l'intérêt cinématographique de cet interlude réside dans la contemplation seule d'une vérité réaliste, non dans l'installation d'un indice du scénario pour future référence.
Or Frammartino lui préfère un ton plus léger, humoristique, en découpant la séquence. Il nous offre d'abord  à contempler ce gros plan pensif (photo ci-dessus). Un vieil homme taiseux, plongé dans une demi-rêverie fatiguée, accroupi dans les hautes herbes, alors que l'on entend le tintement de cloche de son troupeau hors champ. Une image classique souvent associée aux films de bergers. Le spectateur ne comprend la raison de sa pause prolongée que lorsqu'il se relève et s'essuie. Frammartino ménage ainsi une sournoise feinte, une surprise à l'intérieur du registre minimaliste, en perturbant le regard projeté sur ce berger, d'abord pris pour Le Penseur de Rodin, avant le changement brusque de notre lecture de l'image, par un simple déplacement du corps, un recadrage du contexte. On croit qu'il songe. En fait, il se fait chier. Nous sommes pris au piège de l'interprétation sauvage a priori.
J'y vois une critique de cette fausse promiscuité, indiscrète, obscène, du gros plan que l'on remet rarement en question au cinéma classique. Ce qui détermine la valeur des échelles de plan n'est pas la proportion du corps à l'écran, mais la distance interpersonnelle du sujet au plan invisible de l'écran, la distance du regard. La vision d'un gros plan équivaut à pénétrer l'espace privatif d'un personne, comme si nous avions dans la vie réelle une conversation  les yeux dans les yeux, avec tout ce que cette situation intime implique : sentir le souffle de l'autre sur notre visage, détailler les pores de la peau, les murmures, les soupirs, l'impression d'envahissement de notre sphère privée, le poids d'un regard, les odeurs, les parfums. Seuls des personnes de confiance nous approchent d'aussi près, dans des situations choisies et pour une durée limitée, à l'exception de l'être aimé éventuellement.   Personne ne supporterait de compagnie aux toilettes, des yeux fixés sur nous à une telle proximité. Pourtant le cinéma classique ne s'en prive pas, et les spectateurs raffolent de ce voyeurisme virtuel. Ils réclament de tout voir en grand, de près, sous tous les angles, que la distance de la caméra soit justifiée ou pas. Le cinéma 3D crève même le plan symbolique de l'écran, et redéfinit la distance du sujet, non plus par rapport à la surface de l'écran qui représente une projection de notre rétine, mais par rapport à l'œil propre du spectateur dans la salle, donc plus proche encore. C'est le sujet filmé qui pénètre notre sphère privée.
En revanche, une des propositions du cinéma contemplatif est de remettre la réalité à distance, une distance respectable, une vision extérieure, une observation contemplative et non intrusive. Renvoyer le voyeurisme à la flânerie.
Frammartino va rappeler à la mémoire ce plan, un peu plus tard, en l'associant à la perte de son paquet de poussière d'église, que le berger échappe de sa poche à cet endroit précis, en plein champs, et qu'il ne sera donc pas en mesure de retrouver la nuit venue, pour sa déconcotion vespérale. Une nouvelle fois, le déplacement d'un objet insignifiant à l'écran, prend de l'importance dans un plan suivant, pour fabriquer une histoire qui se raconte par les détails anodins et non la dramatisation des événements. 

Dans Independencia, Francesco Boille voit un autre rapport avec un film italien : I Dimenticati / Les Oubliés (1959/Vittorio de Seta/Italie), que je ne connais pas personnellement, pour essentiellement faire un lien avec une ethnologie locale, une histoire politique du documentaire italien. Bref, passons.  

J'aimerais parler pour ma part d'un documentaire presque expérimental : Les Saisons (1975/Péléchian/Union Soviétique), il n'y a pas plus magnifique hommage au monde paysan. La comparaison dans ce cas n'est ni formelle, ni scénique. Artavazd Péléchian qui inventait un nouveau style de montage : la "syntaxe contrapuntique", contredit tous les préjugés sur les longs plans-séquence du cinéma contemplatif. Cependant, il n'y a aucune contradiction esthétique, selon moi, entre la vitesse des coupes de Péléchian (des plans parfois mis au ralentis) et le plan ininterrompu des contemplatifs plus tardifs. Dans ce film, nous voyons le périlleux labeur des bergers de hautes montagnes qui accompagnent les moutons dans la neige, les torrents, à flanc de montagne, à cheval, occasionnellement portés à bras le corps, un par un. C'est une extraordinaire transhumance, filmée en plusieurs fois et montée en clips successifs, avec changement de focale ou d'axe de plan à plan. Malgré la complexité du montage, la dépendance homme-animal, au risque de leur vie, fourni l'unité aux plans disparates et discontinus. Le regard contemplatif n'est pas distrait le moins du monde, probablement dû à l'absence de parole. Ni commentaire, ni dialogue. Et cette ambiance documentaire distanciée traverse Le Quattro Volte de part en part, que ce soit l'épisode des pâturages, celui de la bergerie, celui de la descente du tronc à flanc de colline, ou celui de la charbonnière. 
Les autres films à contrepoint de Péléchian sont moins contemplatifs à mon goût, accentuant davantage les coupes visibles, expressives, du montage soviétique, où les images rapides se carambolent et l'unité du sujet se perd dans un agencement des formes et des mouvements.  



LE SON DIRECT

Comme toujours, je fûs déçu par l'emploi de bruitages en post-production pour suppléer à l'omission de prise directe sonore à l'heure du tournage, en parfaite synchronicité image-son. Surtout quand on fait l'économie de dialogues narratifs et de musique lyrique... autant se payer un son d'ambiance naturel d'une excellente qualité! C'est la vérité du son diégétique qui donne son âme aux images contemplatives. Sans quoi nous assistons à un vulgaire collage baroque : voix désincarnées et visages semblant poursuivre la fausse bande-son. A quoi bon regarder des plans muets auxquels on a rajouté des sons génériques, enregistrés ailleurs, dans un autre paysage, à une heure différente, à une autre saison, sous d'autres latitudes? Ou pire, bruités en studio! 
La paresse de la post-production est déjà un problème ontologique dans le cinéma classique. Comment Bazin peut-il parler de réalisme cinématographique quand le cinéma italien a une triste réputation de tourner en muet à Cine Citta, et avec un rajout différé en post-synchronisation audio? Malheureusement, la tradition persiste aujourd'hui, en Italie ou à Bollywood, ou n'importe quel film indépendant à petit budget. C'est un problème ontologique disais-je, pour le cinéma classique, qui pourtant peut se permettre une certaine licence théâtrale que les spectateurs acceptent sans sourciller, dans la mesure où cette dissociation des lèvres et de la parole ne leur soit décelable. Le procédé est d'ailleurs largement toléré de par la généralisation des films étrangers doublés. 
En ce qui concerne le cinéma contemplatif, la gravité est toute autre. Le son n'est plus la redondance des informations visuelles, il constitue dans l'appareil contemplatif une source capitale qui se marie étroitement aux images. Si l'on séduit le public avec des plans contemplatifs, un retour à une beauté simple et véritable, ce n'est pas pour lui servir des bruits en boite, issus des artifices de la tradition théâtrale.  

Seul bémol qui dépare dans Le Quattro Volte, par ailleurs irréprochable. S'ils ont l'excuse de l'ancienneté technique des années 70 analogiques, les films cités de Kiarostami et Péléchian ont recours au son différé. Pour être tout à fait honnête, Tarr Béla a toujours utilisé le tournage muet, parce que dit-on, il hurle ses directions sur le plateau au cours des prises de vue. On sait aussi qu'il utilise par moment un accompagnement musical illustratif, les compositions envoutantes de Mihály Vig, c'est pardonnable.  La Libertad recolle aussi un bruitage de studio, mais c'était un premier film.  On le voit, la plupart des contemplatifs n'échappent pas à cette astreinte de la post-production obligatoire. Pourtant, les films dont la bande sonore épouse l'image réservent l'expérience contemplative la plus complète, la plus transcendante. Tels que A l'ouest des rails (Wang Bing), Our Daily Bread (Geyrhalter), Death in the land of encantos (Diaz), Japon (Reygadas), Juventude em marcha (Costa), 13 Lakes (Benning)... 
Etes-vous sensible, en tant que spectateur, à la précision et la vérité d'un son direct? Sauriez-vous faire la différence, et exiger la plénitude d'une expérience entière qui ne ment pas?

Je ne saurai trop recommander le passage au son direct pour tous les films, et en particulier, impérativement pour ceux qui s'essaient au mode contemplatif, quel qu'en soit l'effort supplémentaire, afin d'offrir une image contemplative transcendée par elle-même, sans manipulation artificielle. Mais ceci est un problème plus général de la production cinématographique dans son ensemble. Une évolution nécessaire, inévitable, qui tarde à venir malgré tous les efforts de numérisation imaginable... Le soucis du son direct devrait devenir un standard impératif, pour prouver que le son n'est pas le parent pauvre du cinéma, rajouté après coup, par illustration, au lieu d'une complémentarité méritée. Si l'on refait un prise à cause du poil dans l'objectif, on devrait apporter la même attention, la même perfection, à la dimension sonore. Recommencez jusqu'à ce que l'image et le son, enregistré en direct, soit parfait ensemble. Il est intolérable qu'une erreur du son soit secondaire, et que l'approximation du recalage post-synchro des lèvres avec une parole étrangère passe "inaperçue" aux oreilles du spectateur, et du metteur en scène surtout. Et puis, les bruits parasites, le moteur de la caméra, le son d'ambiance sont esthétiquement moins gênants, l'aventure du Cinéma Direct nous l'a prouvé.





(autres parties de l'article : 12 - 3 - 4 - 5)

à suivre...

Friday, July 30, 2010

The Films Of Lisandro Alonso

It is sort of funny to write about the works of Lisandro Alonso after writing about the films of Lav Diaz whose one film runs for longer than the entire filmography of this Argentine director. That just goes to show how different filmmakers, even when working towards similar goals, have different perspectives about the length of their films. Diaz and Alonso share a lot in common as far as their aesthetic choices are concerned. Just that Diaz’s narrative tends to be much more expansive than the latter’s. It is highly interesting that, despite this striking disparity, these filmmakers are two of the most important discoveries of last decade. However, one could argue that, unlike the very “Filipino” Diaz, Alonso is not a very “Argentine” filmmaker and that he is not even remotely interested in the national politics of his country. Even his films would testify that he is not overtly concerned with politics of any kind. Alonso instead seems to take the sociopolitical situation of his country as a given (a la late Tarkovsky and Bresson) and delves into something that is more abstract (as in what connects all of humanity) and more immediate. Most of the director’s films don’t even have societies, just wandering singletons. His characters are ones that live not even on the fringes of society, but beyond its edges. One might compare them to the people in Tsai Ming-Liang’s films, but Alonso’s characters seem to long for and work towards, in addition to the warmth of Tsai’s human connection, freedom and self-sufficiency.

However, despite the differences, Alonso, like Diaz, is a realist too, probably the most realistic of all directors working today. Like most of the filmmakers in Contemporary Contemplative Cinema canon, he mostly works in deep focus mise en scène, allowing the action to unfold at its own pace. He cuts sparely and allows each shot to breathe and develop its own rhythm. In fact, the whole of Alonso’s cinema is built on rhythms and melodies of everyday work. Consequently, he blends both documentary and fiction in his films. His actors may be playing themselves but they do that under slightly altered circumstances and scenarios. This way, the final trace of artificial professionalism in these “actors” is eliminated and what is uniquely theirs emanates. This refusal to dramatize through actors is only one of the many ways in which Alonso resembles Bresson. For one, the remarkable sound design in his films, which exercises an economy of expression and a tendency to nudge to viewers to complete the film’s world, is justifiably comparable to the French master’s (Ironically, Alonso’s films are bracketed by heavy metal soundtracks playing over the credits, as if placing the films into some sort of an aural vacuum in between). The director’s films also betray his keen eye for landscapes and architectures, which is only befitting of a director whose whole filmography studies man’s position in his universe, both in the literal and the metaphysical sense.


La Libertad (2001)

With La Libertad (2001), Alonso comes close to realizing the Italian neo-realists’ dream of recording 90 minutes of a man’s life, without obstruction. Although such documentary observation seldom leads us to uncover higher truths, Alonso’s film provides much space and time for contemplation. La Libertad is a plotless film that chronicles one day in the life of a woodcutter named Misael Saavedra (played by himself) as he goes about chopping trees, shaping the timber, loading them onto a jeep, dumping them at a wholesale shop, returning to the woods in the evening and hunting down an armadillo for dinner. Misael seems entirely cut off from ‘culture’ save for the odd conversation with his friend from whom he borrows the vehicle. He is almost completely self-sufficient in the sense that he derives both his income and his basic needs from nature itself. One could argue that his way of life is devoid of any form of economical exploitation. The ‘freedom’ of the title takes up multiple meanings in this regard. Misael seems altogether independent of the sociopolitical structures of the world that surrounds him. He achieves what the characters in Bartas’ Freedom (2000) and Weerasethakul’s Blissfully Yours (2002) wish for – to depoliticize the world they live in and lead a life that they want, in peace. Alonso’s independence, on the other hand, is from the equally suffocating restrictions of generic cinema such as psychological realism, causal narratives and novelistic drama. Finally, it is also the audience that is free to make sense of what it sees, hears and feels in this evocatively rendered pseudo-documentary.

Los Muertos (2004)

If not the best film made by Lisandro Alonso, Los Muertos (2004) comes very close to it. The first great work by the Argentine, Los Muertos follows the Cain-like Vargas, a man in his fifties who is released from prison and who sets off to meet his daughter. Vargas is portrayed by Argentino Vargas himself, but, unlike in La Libertad, he is not entirely the character he plays. In a way, Los Muertos is both an explanation for the befuddling mysteries and a thematically and aesthetically enriched version of the director’s previous film. The prison that Vargas comes out of might well have been the prison called society. His subsequent journey, then, becomes one where he sheds (sometimes literally) the artificial social constructions that ties him down and one where he returns to the nascent human state – a transition from the calculated propriety of the ego to the unbridled irrationality of the id (In that sense, Vargas is like Aguirre too, descending slowly into the darkest corners of his own psyche as he proceeds deeper and deeper into the jungle). It seems like Alonso wants us to relate Vargas’ murder of his brothers and his clinical slaughtering of the stray goat. Alonso’s point might just be derived from Freud’s theory that man is bestial by his very nature and morality, society and civilization are constructs to keep him from exercising his impulses. But Alonso’s film is far from a systematic psychoanalytical illustration. It is deeply human and hence infinitely complex. When, in the heartbreaking final shot, Vargas sits outside his grandson’s makeshift home on the verge of an existential breakdown, it isn’t only him who reassesses his life so far.

Fantasma (2006)

A work that links La Libertad and Los Muertos, Fantasma (2006) is a one-hour treasure that marks a new high for the Argentine filmmaker. Set in a multiplex in Buenos Aires, Fantasma ports Vargas and Misael, this time devoid of any fictional trappings, from the lush, impenetrable greenery of the South American forests to restricted, deceptive and equally alien interiors of this concrete jungle. However, the human yearning for locating oneself within the world around remains as intense as ever. The four or five characters that we see in the film wander the empty corridors of the building like ghosts that have haunted an abandoned cinema hall. They are rarely seen in the same frame and, unlike the earlier films where they seemed to conquer new areas, keep covering the same set of spaces, taking turns (in a humorously Tati-esque fashion). Alonso isolates them from each other, boxing them out within this human grocery store with his (oft-repeated) compositions. But this sense of urban alienation and lack of communication is only the surface aspect of Fantasma. Two or three of the characters watching Los Muertos on screen in that near-seedy theatre is a grand symphony of cultural uprooting that resonates on multiple levels. In a way, the film’s closest cousin would be Tsai’s Goodbye, Dragon Inn (2003), where too the pathetic human condition was reflected and distilled in the dilapidating condition of the cinemas of yesteryear. Alonso’s film takes an equally nostalgic, elegiac and optimistic look at a world lost and an art rendered irrelevant.

Liverpool (2008)

Alonso’s most acclaimed film, the puzzlingly titled Liverpool (2008) is his most impregnable yet most affecting work to date. The film’s protagonist Ferrel (Juan Fernández) is a worker in a ship that anchors at Tierra del Fuego for a few days. The scenes on the ship are arguably the greatest that Alonso has ever lit and shot in his career. The detached, unfocused figure of Farrel in the opening scene fittingly sums up his condition. The out-of-focus lights of the city far off would remain emotionally out-of-focus for Ferrel even till the end. The warmth of his cluttered cabin is about to give way to a cold, open world that he’s not sure he prefers. One wishes that these scenes would play for eternity. Ferrel decides to take this time off to meet his ailing mother. It is after this that Ferrel progressively resembles Vargas of Los Muertos as he tries, possibly for one last time, to find his footing and perhaps regain his responsibility as a son and, more importantly, as a father that he seems to have disregarded. Alonso cuts his shots in such a way that Ferrel enters the frame after the shot has begun and leaves before it ends. This pattern also reflects the key idea of the film – the world Ferrel enters and exits remains as it was irrespective of his (failed) attempts to integrate himself into it. If Alonso indeed has a knack for finding profundity in the banal, it is in the final quarter hour of Liverpool that he is top form. Before his daughter (and the audience) bids adieu to Ferrel, he gives her a knick knack from his backpack instinctively. It doesn’t absolve him from his guilt, it does not establish a relationship (his daughter is mentally ill to boot) and it does not mean that he has fulfilled his duties as a father. It is a gesture – nothing more, nothing less – and a profoundly human one at that.


Tuesday, June 29, 2010

Freedom market for La Libertad

By Michael J. Anderson (Sunday, 27 June 2010):
Receiving its New York premiere this past weekend in conjunction with the just-completed 2010 Robert Flaherty Seminar, Argentine filmmaker Lisandro Alonso's La libertad (2001), the 1975-born director's first feature, provided a fit course for international modernist art cinema in the years immediately following the Abbas Kiarostami-dominated 1990s.


La Libertad :
  • World première (Cannes - Un Certain Regard) = May 2001
  • World commercial première (Argentina) = 28 June 2001
  • American première (NYFF) = 1 Oct 2001
  • French nationwide public distribution = 31 Oct 2001
  • American limited public distribution = 26 June 2010
enough said.

Wednesday, September 30, 2009

LINKS :: Lisandro ALONSO

Lisandro ALONSO (born 2 Jun 1975; Buenos Aires, Argentina) = 34 yold in 2009
4 films / 4 screenplays (1st film: 2001/latest film: 2008)
INSPIRED BY : Fernando Birri (Tire dié, Los inundados), Héctor Babenco (Pixote), Jorge Preloran, Nicolas Sarquis (Palo y hueso), Lumière, Abbas Kiarostami, Werner Herzog (Aguirre)?
C.C.C. films (strict model in red) : Liverpool ; Fantasma ; Los Muertos ; La Libertad
INFLUENCE ON : Paz Encina ?

S/T sin titulo (2009) Short - BAFICI 2009
Liverpool (2008) IMDb link - Quinzaine des Réalisateurs Cannes 2008
Fantasma (2006) IMDb link - Cannes 2006

Los Muertos (2004) IMDb link - Cannes 2004

  • "Le deuxième souffle" By: Jean-Philippe Tessé (Cahiers du cinéma, n° 590; May 2004) [FRENCH]
  • "L'épopée stupéfiante d'un solitaire" By: Jacques Mandelbaum (Le Monde; 15 May 2004) [FRENCH]
  • "Des acteurs vierge de cinéma" By: Thomas Sotinel (Le Monde; 15 May 2004) [FRENCH]
  • "Lisandro Alonso : géométrie variable" By: Emmanuèle Frois (Le Figaro, 15 May 2004) [FRENCH]
  • "That's How a Man Lives" By: Andy Rector (FIPRESCI; 2004)
  • "L' oubli et l'oubli" By: Sylvain Coumoul (Cahiers du cinéma, n° 595, Nov 2004) [FRENCH]
  • "L'enfer vert" By: Vincent Ostria (Les Inrocks; 3 Nov 2004) [FRENCH]
  • "Bouffée d'anxiogène" By: Didier Péron (Libération; 3 Nov 2004) [FRENCH]
  • "Los Muertos" By: Jacques Morice (Télérama; 3 Nov 2004) [FRENCH]
  • "Lisandro Alonso filme son tropisme pour la vie sauvage" By: Thomas Sotinel (Le Monde; 6 Nov 2004) [FRENCH]
  • "Los Muertos end credits" By: Zach Campbell (a_film_by, 23 Feb 2005)
  • "Los Muertos, 2004" By: acquarello (Strictly Film School, 19 Feb 2005)
  • "Los Muertos, 2004" By: Mohit Sabharwal (The New Delhi Biscuit Company, 24 Apr 2005)
  • "Lisandro Alonso. Bevrijd in de jungle" By: Gabe Klinger (Filmkrant, #270, Oct 2005) [DUTCH]
  • "Films That Got Away" By: Andy Rector (KINO SLANG; 1 Jul 2006)
  • "Got Your Goat" By: Nathan Lee (The Village Voice; 27 March 2007)
  • "Los Muertos" By: Matt Zoller Seitz (NYT; 5 Apr 2007)
  • "Los Muertos", "Quiet City" By: Michael Atkinson (IFC; 28 Jan 2008)
  • "Los Muertos (Lisandro Alonso, 2004)" By: grunes (Dennis Grunes, 23 Jul 2008)
  • "Lisandro Alonso『Los Muertos』" By: maplecat-eve (maplecat-eve Diary; 5 Oct 2009) [JAPANESE]
  • (add link here)
La Libertad (2001) IMDb link - NYFF 2001

Dos en la vereda (1995) short

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GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY


BOOK on Lisandro ALONSO
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GENERAL ONLINE ARTICLES


INTERVIEW


TEXT BY Lisandro ALONSO


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DOCUMENTARY ON Lisandro ALONSO
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